See crien in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "cry"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cry"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "cry't"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"crier",
"crier#Old_French"
],
[
"*crītāre",
"Reconstruction:Latin/critare"
],
[
"cry",
"cry#Middle_English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French crier",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*crītāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *crītāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cry",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "cry + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French crier, from Vulgar Latin *crītāre; equivalent to cry + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crieth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cryinge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to crien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "criede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "criest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "criedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cridest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "criede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "criede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crieden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "criede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "criden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cryinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "criende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "creie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cri",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "criȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cry",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cryen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "criþe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "crien",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crieth",
"2": "cryinge",
"3": "cried"
},
"expansion": "crien (third-person singular simple present crieth, present participle cryinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle cried)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cri",
"c2": "de",
"part": "cryinge",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "criour"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cry"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wepen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 9 10 16 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To weep or cry in sorrow."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-AvZt10Zi",
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"weep",
"weep"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 9 10 16 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To shout against; to verbally protest."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-oXm5xePu",
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"verbally",
"verbally"
],
[
"protest",
"protest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"(with preposition) To shout against; to verbally protest."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with preposition"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 9 10 16 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
40
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
31,
37
]
],
"english": "Then I kneeled on my knees and begged her for grace, / then prayed to her pitifully, to pray for our sins / and also to teach me to believe in Christ correctly […]",
"ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 1]”, in Petrus plowmon (V, A-text), Worcestershire, published c. 1390, folio 395, recto; republished as Bodleian Library MS. Eng. poet. a. 1, Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "¶ Þēne knelede I. on my kneos. and cͥȝed hire of grace. / And pꝛeiede hire pitouſlẏ. to pꝛeye foꝛ vr sūnes. / And eke to teche me kuyndely. on criſt to bi leeue",
"translation": "Then I kneeled on my knees and begged her for grace, / then prayed to her pitifully, to pray for our sins / and also to teach me to believe in Christ correctly […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To plead for help or justice."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-hFXLAp-x",
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"plead",
"plead"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"justice",
"justice"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 9 10 16 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To pray for divine aid; to supplicate."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-qTB5GMAu",
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"pray",
"pray"
],
[
"divine",
"divine"
],
[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"supplicate",
"supplicate"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 7 7 7 7 29 11 4 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 9 9 9 9 20 14 4 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 4 4 4 4 42 3 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 1 0 0 76 1 0 21 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "enm:Music",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 3 2 82 4 2 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Vocalizations",
"orig": "enm:Vocalizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To announce or proclaim:",
"To order, charge, or direct."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-JHzgoHGa",
"links": [
[
"announce",
"announce"
],
[
"proclaim",
"proclaim"
],
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 9 9 9 9 20 14 4 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To announce or proclaim:",
"To call for people; to summon."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-4irIKQnT",
"links": [
[
"announce",
"announce"
],
[
"proclaim",
"proclaim"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"summon",
"summon"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 9 10 16 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a characteristic sound."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-reJHjD8L",
"links": [
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) To make a characteristic sound."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 12 12 12 9 10 16 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal sounds",
"orig": "enm:Animal sounds",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To sound a horn or trumpet."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-XIAOkuq2",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"horn",
"horn"
],
[
"trumpet",
"trumpet"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To feel distraught."
],
"id": "en-crien-enm-verb-1Iyxl6Ec",
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"distraught",
"distraught"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To feel distraught."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkriːən/"
}
],
"word": "crien"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Animal sounds",
"enm:Music",
"enm:Vocalizations"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "cry"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "cry"
},
{
"lang": "Yola",
"lang_code": "yol",
"word": "cry't"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"crier",
"crier#Old_French"
],
[
"*crītāre",
"Reconstruction:Latin/critare"
],
[
"cry",
"cry#Middle_English"
],
[
"-en",
"-en#Middle_English:_infinitival"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "crier"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French crier",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "*crītāre"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *crītāre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cry",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "cry + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French crier, from Vulgar Latin *crītāre; equivalent to cry + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crieth",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cryinge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "crien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to crien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "criede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "criest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "criedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cridest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "criede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "criede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "crien",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crieden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "criede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "criden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cride",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "crieth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cryinge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "criende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cried",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "creie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cri",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crie",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "criȝe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cry",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "crye",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cryen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "criþe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "crien",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crieth",
"2": "cryinge",
"3": "cried"
},
"expansion": "crien (third-person singular simple present crieth, present participle cryinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle cried)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cri",
"c2": "de",
"part": "cryinge",
"y": "0"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "criour"
},
{
"word": "cry"
},
{
"word": "wepen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To weep or cry in sorrow."
],
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"weep",
"weep"
],
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To shout against; to verbally protest."
],
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"verbally",
"verbally"
],
[
"protest",
"protest"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"(with preposition) To shout against; to verbally protest."
],
"raw_tags": [
"with preposition"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
35,
40
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
31,
37
]
],
"english": "Then I kneeled on my knees and begged her for grace, / then prayed to her pitifully, to pray for our sins / and also to teach me to believe in Christ correctly […]",
"ref": "c. 1370, [William Langland], “[Passus 1]”, in Petrus plowmon (V, A-text), Worcestershire, published c. 1390, folio 395, recto; republished as Bodleian Library MS. Eng. poet. a. 1, Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 10 January 2019:",
"text": "¶ Þēne knelede I. on my kneos. and cͥȝed hire of grace. / And pꝛeiede hire pitouſlẏ. to pꝛeye foꝛ vr sūnes. / And eke to teche me kuyndely. on criſt to bi leeue",
"translation": "Then I kneeled on my knees and begged her for grace, / then prayed to her pitifully, to pray for our sins / and also to teach me to believe in Christ correctly […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To plead for help or justice."
],
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"plead",
"plead"
],
[
"help",
"help"
],
[
"justice",
"justice"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To cry out; to shout or yell:",
"To pray for divine aid; to supplicate."
],
"links": [
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
],
[
"shout",
"shout"
],
[
"yell",
"yell"
],
[
"pray",
"pray"
],
[
"divine",
"divine"
],
[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"supplicate",
"supplicate"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To announce or proclaim:",
"To order, charge, or direct."
],
"links": [
[
"announce",
"announce"
],
[
"proclaim",
"proclaim"
],
[
"order",
"order"
],
[
"charge",
"charge"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To announce or proclaim:",
"To call for people; to summon."
],
"links": [
[
"announce",
"announce"
],
[
"proclaim",
"proclaim"
],
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"summon",
"summon"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make a characteristic sound."
],
"links": [
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
],
[
"sound",
"sound"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) To make a characteristic sound."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To sound a horn or trumpet."
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"horn",
"horn"
],
[
"trumpet",
"trumpet"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To feel distraught."
],
"links": [
[
"feel",
"feel"
],
[
"distraught",
"distraught"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To feel distraught."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkriːən/"
}
],
"word": "crien"
}
Download raw JSONL data for crien meaning in Middle English (8.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.